Curso 02

Lesson 2 - Duesma Leciono

Adjectives

Adjectives are words which describe the appearance or quality of something: big, small, bad, beautiful, red.
Ido adjectives are easily recognised by their -a ending, as in the vocabulary below.

Vortaro (Vocabulary)

Learn the following words by heart:

drinkajo	drink
manjajo	food
plado	plate
komprar	to buy
parolar	to talk, to speak
olda	old (of living beings)
granda	big, large
yuna	young
mea	my
sur	on
floro	flower
por	for
taso	cup
lernar	to learn
pozar	to put
bela	beautiful
mikra	little, small
anke	also
vua	your
kavalo	horse
muro	wall
dormar	to sleep
habitar	to live
anciena	old (contrary to new)
blua	blue
reda	red
hike	here
adhike	'to' here
adsur	onto, upon

Exerco 1 (Exercise 1)

Examples to read and translate. (Click here to go to the answers):

 1. Vu lernas Ido. 

 2. Vu parolas Ido 

 3. Me lernas Ido. 

 4. Me parolas Ido. 

 5. Me havas bela domo. 

 6. Mea domo es granda. 

 7. La domo es granda. 

 8. Me habitas hike. 

 9. Me dormas en la gardeno. 

 10. Mea hundo es olda. 

 11. Mea hundo anke habitas hike 

 12. La hundo dormas en mea mikra gardeno. 

 13. La mikra kato regardas la granda hundo. 

 14. Vu habitas en bela domo. 

 15. Vu dormas sur la granda tablo. 

 16. La kato dormas sub la bela floro. 

 17. La kavalo es olda. 

 18. La mikra kavalo es yuna 

 19. La yuna kavalo prizas la drinkajo. 

 20. Vu kompras manjajo por la kavalo. 

 21. Me kompras manjajo hike. 

 22. Me pozas vua plado adhike. 

 23. La plado es reda. 

 24. Me pozas manjajo adsur la plado. 

 25. La olda muso manjas la manjajo. 

 26. Drinkajo es en la mikra taso. 

 27. La blua taso es sur la tablo. 

 28. Vu vidas la muso en la taso. 

 29. Vua lakto es anke en la taso. 

 30. Me pozas la libro adsur la muro. 

The Negative

The negative in Ido is formed by using 'ne'. It means 'not'.
In English we say 'I am not, I must not, I have not (I haven't)'.
But in Ido the word order is as follows, with the 'ne' usually in front of the verb: Me ne es, Me ne havas, but, Me ne mustas - I haven't got to. cf.
Me NE mustas irar adibe. - I haven't got to go there.
Me mustas NE facar to. - I must not do it.

Most verbs in English add 'does' or 'do' to help form the negative:
I 'do' not have (I don't have). Peter 'does' not read (doesn't read).
But these words are totaly unnecessary, and must never be included in an Ido negative sentence.
Ido uses the same pattern for all negatives and simply says:
Me ne havas (I do not have), Peter ne lektas (Peter does not read).

Derivation

The adjective in -a forms a noun(person or object) in -o having the same sense:
bona - good -> bono - good one/ good man.
yuna - young -> yuno - young one/ young boy or girl
acesora - accessory -> acesoro - an accessory.
Or, vice versa: oro - gold -> ora - golden/ made of gold.

Exerco 2 (Exercise 2)

Examples to read and translate (Click here to go to the answers):

 1. Me es - Me ne es 

 2. Me havas - Me ne havas 

 3. Me vidas - Me ne vidas 

 4. Me prizas - Me ne prizas 

 5. Me promenas - Me ne promenas 

 6. Me es olda - Me ne es olda. 

 7. Me ne vidas vu. 

 8. Vu ne vidas me. 

 9. Me ne prizas la domo. 

 10. Me ne manjas la manjajo 

 11. La hundo ne parolas Ido. 

 12. Vu ne habitas en London. 

 13. La kato ne lernas Ido 

 14. Maria ne habitas en Paris. 

 15. Vu ne regardas Maria. 

 16. Vu ne lektas la libro. 

 17. La plado ne es en la domo.

 18. La hundo ne regardas la kavalo. 

 19. La kato ne dormas en la buxo. 

 20. La yuno ne drinkas la lakto. 

Vortaro (Vocabulary)

bruna	brown
do	so, therefore
ek	out of
felica	happy
fisho	fish
gazono	lawn
hodie	today
magra	thin, lean
ofte	often
strado	street
trista	sad
chasar	to chase
dop	behind
el	she, her
feroca	fierce
foresto	forest
grosa	fat
il	he, him
nun	now
sama	same
tre	very
adsur	onto, upon

Exerco 3 (Exercise 3)

Examples to read and translate (Click here to go to the answers):

 1. Felix es magra olda kato. 

 2. Il habitas dop vua domo en la foresto. 

 3. Il ofte promenas en mea granda gardeno 

 4. Il ofte dormas sur mea gazono. 

 5. Hodie Felix chasas grosa bruna muso. 

 6. Hodie Felix ne havas manjajo.

 7. Il es tre trista. 

 8. Do me pozas fisho por il adsur plado en la gardeno 

 9. Nun Felix es tre felica. 

 10. Maria vidas Felix. 

 11. El ne prizas Felix e chasas il ek mea gardeno. 

 12. Felix es sur la strado. 

 13. Rex es feroca hundo 

 14. Il anke vidas Felix. 

 15. Rex chasas il. 

Konversado (Conversation)

You will learn later some of the grammatical points here.

Good morning! - Bona matino!
Good day! - Bona jorno!
What is your name? - Quale vu nomesas?
My name is Peter. - Me nomesas Peter.
How are you? - Quale vu standas?
Very well. - Tre bone.
Thank you! - Me dankas!
Are you tired? - Ka vu esas fatigita?
Not at all! - Tote ne!
Yes, a little. - Yes, kelkete.
No, sir. - No, sioro.
If you please. - Me pregas.
I am hungry. - Me hungras.
Are you thirsty? - Ka vu durstas?
Give me a glass. - Donez a me glaso.
A cup of tea. - Taso de teo.
Do you want...? - Ka vu deziras...?
I don't mind. - Me ne objecionas.
It does not matter. - Ne importas.

Saying adjectives

You may drop the final 'a' of adjectives for euphony: Bona -> Bon

Konversado (Conversation)

(Here is another conversation between Peter and Mary)

 P: Bon jorno! Quale vu standas? 

 M: Tre bone, danko. E vu? 

 P: Me standas bone, danko. Me nomesas Peter. Quale vu nomesas? 

 M: Me nomesas Mary. 

 P: Til rivido, Mary! 

 M: Til rivido, Peter! 

Answers of the Exercises

Exerco 1 - Solvi

(Click here to return to the exercise)

 1. You are learning Ido.

 2. You speak Ido.

 3. I am learning Ido.

 4. I speak Ido.

 5. I have a beautiful house.

 6. My house is big.

 7. The house is big.

 8. I live here.

 9. I sleep in the garden.

 10. My dog is old.

 11. My dog also lives here.

 12. The dog sleeps in my small garden.

 13. The little cat looks at the big dog.

 14. You live in a beautiful house.

 15. You sleep on the big table.

 16. The cat sleeps under the beautiful flower.

 17. The horse is old.

 18. The little horse is young.

 19. The young horse likes the drink.

 20. You are buying food for the horse.

 21. I buy food here.

 22. I am putting your plate here.

 23. The plate is red.

 24. I am putting food on the plate.

 25. The old mouse eats the food.

 26. A drink is in the small cup.

 27. The blue cup is on the table.

 28. You see the mouse in the cup.

 29. Your milk is also in the cup.

 30. I am putting the book on the wall.

Exerco 2 - Solvi

(Click here to return to the exercise)

 1. I am - I am not 

 2. I have - I haven't

 3. I see - I don't see

 4. I like - I don't like

 5. I walk - I am not walking

 6. I am old - I am not old.

 7. I don't see you.

 8. You don't see me.

 9. I don't like the house.

 10. I am not eating the food.

 11. The dog doesn't speak Ido.

 12. You do not live in London.

 13. The dog is not learning Ido.

 14. Maria doesn't live in Paris.

 15. You are not looking at Maria.

 16. You are not reading the book.

 17. The plate is not in the house.

 18. The dog isn't looking at the horse.

 19. The cat is not sleeping in the box.

 20. The boy/girl is not drinking the milk.

Exerco 3 - Solvi

(Click here to return to the exercise)

 1. Felix is a thin old cat.

 2. He lives behind your house in the forest.

 3. He often walks in my large garden.

 4. He often sleeps on my lawn.

 5. Today Felix is chasing a fat brown mouse.

 6. Today Felix hasn't got any food.

 7. He is very sad.

 8. So I put a fish for him on a plate in the garden.

 9. Now Felix is very happy.

 10. Maria sees Felix.

 11. She doesn't like Felix and chases him out of my garden.

 12. Felix is on the street.

 13. Rex is a fierce dog.

 14. He also sees Felix.

 15. Rex chases him.