Curso 06

Lesson 6 - Sisesma Leciono


Interrogative Pronouns (1)
These could possibly present a little difficulty at first, but need not do so if studied carefully.
Qua regardas me? - Who is looking at me?
Qua amas il? - Who loves him?

From the above examples you will see that 'qua' means 'who'. However, if it is known that 'who' is more than one person then 'qui' should be used:
Qui regardas me? - Who is looking at me?
Qui amas il? - Who loves him?

In the case of an unknown object or thing 'quo' is used. It corresponds to 'what' in English.
Quo es en la buxo? - What is in the box?
Quo eventis? - What happened?

Note:
In Ido it is not necessary to change the word order when making questions, though it is in English.
(English) 'He is' becomes 'Who is he?'
(Ido) 'Il es' becomes 'Qua il es?' (Qua es il?)


<a name="ex1"></a>Exerco 1 (Exercise 1)
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex1-s">here</a> to go to the answers):
1. Qua il esas?
2. Qua esis malada?
3. Quo es en la gardeno?
4. Qua facis la laboro di George?
5. Qua amas la olda kavalo?
6. Quo manjas mea pomi?
7. Qui venis hike kun la hundo?
8. Qui lernas Ido en la skolo?
9. Qui iris a la skolo kun blanka musi?
10. Qua vizitas la amiki di la olda butikisti?


Numerals

un	one
du	two
tri	three
quar	four
kin	five
sis	six
sep	seven
ok	eight
non	nine
dek	ten

<a name="ex2"></a>Exerco 2
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex2-s">here</a> to go to the answers):
1. Me havas dek kati.
2. Me havas un fratulo.
3. Non yunini vizitis me.
4. Mea fratulo vidis tri uceli.
5. Qua havas du boteli de biro?
6. La hundo manjas kin kuki.
7. El ne kompras sis pomi.
8. Ni havas nur quar neta shui.
9. Ka sep flori es en la gardeno?
10 La domo di Mary ne havas ok fenestri.


Vortifado
-ey- (place or room devoted to some object or action):
It is used in the construction of many common words:
pregeyo - oratory
koqueyo - kitchen (koquas - cooks)
tombeyo - cemetery
kavaleyo - stable (place for horses)
hundeyo - kennel (place for dogs)
viteyo - vineyard
As well as for others of a more general nature:
lerneyo - school-room
lojeyo - dwelling place
dormeyo - a sleeping place/dormitory
Work out for yourself the meaning of the -eyo words elsewhere.
As the meaning of this suffix is rather wide, special words are to be used where the sense requires them:
universitato, skolo, etc., for lerneyo
katedralo, kirko, etc., for pregeyo

-uy- (receptacle):
inkuyo - inkwell
kafeuyo - coffee-box
teuyo - tea-caddy
sigaruyo - cigar-box
NOTE: coffee-pot, tea-pot are kafe-krucho, te-krucho.

-i- (domain or sphere of action):
dukio - duchy
komtio - county
episkopio - bishopric

-ed- (the full of, amount corresponding to):
bokedo - mouthful
pinchedo - pinch
glutedo - gulp


Vortaro

rezidar

to reside, to dwell, to live

The following two words are more specific than 'rezidas':
lojas - lives for a limited time (in someone else's house etc.)
habitas - lives permanently (in one's own house etc.)
On lojas tempe (kurte) che altra persono od en gasteyo.
On habitas permanente en propra o fixa domo.
On habitas urbo, che amiko, parento, en apartamento, en chambro, e.c.

laborar	to work
trovar	to find
sidar	to sit

<a name="ex3"></a>Exerco 3
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex3-s">here</a> to go to the answers):
1. La drinkerio es vua laboreyo.
2. La pueri es en la kavaleyo.
3. Mea hundo ne habitas en hundeyo.
4. Ni havas fisheyo en nia gardeno.
5. La domo havas bela koqueyo.
6. La yuni manjas en la manjeyo.
7. El ne trovis sideyo.
8. Mea domo es la rezideyo di multa musi.
9. Li ne trovis drinkeyo por la kavali.
10. Li ne havas dormeyo en la skolo.


Dum, en
Note the following difference carefully.
Me manjis dum la nokto. - I ate during the night. (throughout the whole night).
Me manjis en la nokto. - I ate during the night. (at one or more different times during the night).


Od/o - or
Note that as with 'ed/e', 'od' is generally used when the next word starts with a vowel, and 'o' is used when it begins with a consonant.


Vortifado (Adjektivi kun nuanci)
-al- (forms adjectives meaning "belonging to" or "relating to"):
universala - universal
racionala - rational

-oz- (means "full of", "containing", "rich in"):
poroza - porous
sabloza - sandy
kurajoza - courageous
famoza - famous

-em- (means "inclined to"):
babilema - talkative
ociema - lazy
laborema - industrious

-ik- (means "sick of", "suffering from"):
ftiziiko - consumptive
artritiko - arthritic
alkoholiko - alcoholic patient

-atr- (means "like", "similar to", "-ish"):
sponjatra - spongy
haratra - hair-like
verdatra - greenish

-e- (means "having the appearance or colour of"):
rozea - rozy, pink
violea - violet (-coloured)
musea - mouse-coloured


Vortaro

armeo	army
automobilo	car
biciklo	bicycle
divenar	to become
dormeyo	sleeping place
konduktar	to drive
grandega	enormous
kamionisto	lorry driver
kamiono	lorry
pos	after
patro	father
posdimezo	afternoon
soldato	soldier
vespero	evening
ipsa	self
lito	bed
milito	war
nokto	night
od/o	or
pri	about
dum	during, throughout
sen	without

Mea Patro
Mea patro esis soldato dum la milito. En la armeo il lernis pri automobili e kamioni. Il konduktis kamioni. Pos la milito il divenis kamionisto. Il nun konduktas grandega kamioni. Il konduktas dum la matino e dum la posdimezo. Ofte il konduktas kamioni dum la vespero e la nokto sen dormar.
Kande me esis puero me ofte iris kun il en la kamiono. Ni vizitis multa urbi. Dum la nokto ni dormis sur lito en la kamiono od en dormeyo por kamionisti. Me ipsa ne konduktas automobilo. Me es tro yuna. Me havas biciklo.


Vortaro

aparar	to appear
autuno	autumn
brilar	to shine
ca	this
dop	behind
desaparar	to disappear
horizonto	horizon
jorno	day
kantar	to sing
kolda	cold
kovrilo	blanket/cove
lana	woollen
luno	moon
nepluse	no longer
plura	several
printempo	spring
somero	summer
stelo	star
suno	sun
tante	so
trovar	to find
ucelo	bird
uzar	to use
varma	warm
venar	to come
vintro	winter
sama ... kam	same ... with
quale	as/like

<a name="ex4"></a>Exerco 4
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex4-s">here</a> to go to the answers):
1. Quo es hike?
2. Qua habitas hike?
3. Ube mea lito esas?
4. Ube vua kato es?
5. Quo es en la kamiono?
6. Qui vi esas?
7. Qui li es?
8. Qua havas grandega shui?
9. Qua lojas en la gardeno?
10. Qui havas la reda bicikli?


<a name="ex5"></a>Exerco 5
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex5-s">here</a> to go to the answers):
1. Quar varma nokti.
2. Non bruna uceli.
3. Pos tri vesperi.
4. Dek grandega matri.
5. Sis steli brilas.
6. Ok lana kovrili.
7. La sama sep kovrili.
8. Du malada soldati rezidis hike.
9. Kin kavali dormis en ca lito.
10. Un feroca olda kato esis sub la lito.


Bona Nokto
Dum la jorno la suno brilas. En la vespero la suno desaparas dop la horizonto. La uceli nepluse kantas. Li trovas dormeyo en la arbori e li dormas. La nokto venas. En la nokto la luno aparas e la steli brilas. En la nokto me iras a lito e lektas libro dum un horo ante dormar (before falling asleep).
Me havas grandega lito qua es en mea dormo-chambro. Mea chambro ne es varma dum la printempo e me uzas kin kovrili. Dum la somero la vetero es varma e mea chambro ne es kolda. Me uzas nur un kovrilo. En la autuno la vetero divenas kolda. Me uzas plura kovrili. Me uzas sis lana kovrili. Dum la vintro la vetero es tante kolda ke me uzas dek kovrili, e mea du granda hundi dormas en la sama lito kam la mea (quale me).


La familio (the family)

avo	grandparent
avino	grandmother
avulo	grandfather
patro	father
matro	mother
genitoro	parent
parento	relative
spozo	spouse
spozino	wife
spozulo	husband
filio	son/daughter
filiino	daughter
filiulo	son
gefilii	son(s) and daughter(s)
frato	brother/sister
fratino	sister
fratulo	brother
nepoto	grandchild
nepotino	granddaughter
nepotulo	grandson
onklo	uncle/aunt
onklino	aunt
onklulo	uncle
kuzo	cousin
kuzino	cousin (female)
kuzulo	cousin (male)
nevo	nephew/niece
nevino	niece
nevulo	nephew

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Answers of the Exercises


<a name="ex1-s"></a>Exerco 1 (Click <a href="#ex1">here</a> to return to the exercise)
1. Who is he?
2. Who was ill?
3. What is in the garden?
4. Who did George's work?
5. Who loves the old horse?
6. What is eating my apples?
7. Who came here with the dog?
8. Who is learning Ido in this school?
9. Who went to the school with white mice?
10. Who visits the friends of the old shopkeeper?


<a name="ex2-s"></a>Exerco 2 (Click <a href="#ex2">here</a> to return to the exercise)
1. I have ten cats.
2. I have one brother.
3. Nine girls visited me.
4. My brother saw three birds.
5. Who has two bottles of beer?
6. The dog is eating five cakes.
7. She is not buying six apples.
8. We have only four clean shoes.
9. Are seven flowers in the garden?
10 Mary's house hasn't got eight windows.


<a name="ex3-s"></a>Exerco 3 (Click <a href="#ex3">here</a> to return to the exercise)
1. The pub is your place of work.
2. The children are in the stable.
3. My dog doesn't live in a kennel.
4. We have a fish pond in our garden.
5. The house has a beautiful kitchen.
6. The children eat in the dining hall.
7. She didn't find a sitting place (seat).
8. My house is the dwelling place of many mice.
9. They didn't find a drinking place for the horses.
10. They don't have a place to sleep (dormitory) in the school.


<a name="ex4-s"></a>Exerco 4 (Click <a href="#ex4">here</a> to return to the exercise)
1. What is here?
2. Who lives here?
3. Where is my bed?
4. Where is your cat?
5. What is in the lorry?
6. Who (plural) are you?
7. Who (plural) are they?
8. Who has enormous shoes?
9. Who lives in the garden?
10. Who (plural) has the red bicycles?


<a name="ex5-s"></a>Exerco 5 (Click <a href="#ex5">here</a> to return to the exercise)
1. Four warm nights.
2. Nine brown birds..
3. After three evenings.
4. Ten enormous mothers.
5. Six stars are shining.
6. Eight woollen blankets.
7. The same seven blankets.
8. Two sick soldiers lived here.
9. Five horses slept in this bed.
10. One fierce old cat was under the bed.

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