Curso 11
Lesson
11 - Dek e unesma Leciono
Days of the week
| Noun Form | Adverbial Form / Another Form |
| lundio - Monday | lundie / ye lundio - on Monday(s) |
| mardio - Tuesday | mardie / ye mardio - on Tuesday(s) |
| merkurdio - Wednesday | merkurdie / ye merkurdio - on Wednesday(s) |
| jovdio - Thursday | jovdie / ye jovdio - on Thursday(s) |
| venerdio - Friday | venerdie / ye venerdio - on Friday(s) |
| saturdio - Saturday | saturdie / ye saturdio - on Saturday(s) |
| sundio - Sunday | sundie / ye sundio - on Sunday(s) |
Note that
capital letters are not used for days or months in Ido.
Vortaro
| furtisto | thief |
| policestro | police chief |
| falar | to fall |
| horlojeto | watch |
| de | of/from |
| envenar | to come in/enter |
<a name="ex1"></a>Exerco 1 (Exercise 1)
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex1-s">here</a> to go
to the answers):
1. Ye sundio ni ne laboras.
2. El multe prizas mardii.
3. Lundie me iris a London.
4. Il ne venos ye lundio.
5. Me restis en lito jovdie.
6. Merkurdie me iros a Paris.
7. Ka tu kompros la manjajo ye saturdio?
8. Me naskis ye venerdio, la okesma di mayo.
9. Li desaparis ye jovdio en la cinemo.
10. Ye lundio furtisto pren- ganis la horlojeto di la policestro.
Time (1)
| Qua kloko es? | What time is it? |
| Es tri kloki. | It's three o'clock. |
| Es un kloko. | It's one o'clock. |
| Es non kloki. | It's nine o'clock. |
| Ye un kloko | At one o'clock. |
| Ye sep kloki | At seven o'clock. |
Note
(1) O'clock is expressed by 'kloko', which when used with any number above one
becomes 'kloki': un kloko, du kloki, tri kloki, etc.
(2) Ido often uses the 24-hour clock, duadek kloki - 8 o'clock (p.m.)
<a name="ex2"></a>Exerco 2
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex2-s">here</a> to go
to the answers):
1. Qua kloko es?
2. Es tri kloki.
3. Vi manjis ye kin kloki.
4. No, il venas ye non kloki.
5. Me komencis laborar ye sep kloki.
6. Ye dek kloki me falis de mea lito.
7. Ye du kloki li trovis la kafeerio.
8. Ka la letro-portisto venas ye ok kloki?
9. Esis sis kloki kande lia filiino envenis.
10. Ye quar kloki, lundie, la triadekesma di agosto el naskis.
La Voyajo
Me arivis a la staciono. La veturo haltis. Portisto advenis.
"Adube vu iras?" il questionis. "Me iras a Paris." me respondis.
"Ka vu havas vua bilieto?" - "No!" - "Venez komprar ol en la kontoro."
Me pagis la veturisto. Me donis ad il gratifikuro (tip).
"Hastez!" klamis la portisto. La treno departos sen vu."
"On devas vendar la bilieti plu rapide! Me volus komprar jurnalo.
Ube esas la jurnal-vendeyo? Ho no! Me perdabis mea monetuyo (purse)!"
Esas tri kloki. La treno departas. Mea kofro (trunk) esas en la pako-vagono.
Me dicis en la kordio a mea kofro: "Til la rivido!"
Relative Pronouns
Singular:
la yunino QUA amoras me - the girl THAT (or WHO) loves me
la hundo QUA atakis me - the dog THAT (or WHICH) attacked me
Plural:
la yunini QUI amoras me - the girls THAT (or WHO) love me
la hundi QUI atakis me - the dogs THAT (or WHICH) attacked me
Note:
(1) Don't let the fact that there is more than one possibility in English confuse
you. WHO and WHICH can both be replaced by THAT.
(2) Take care not to confuse the relative pronouns with the interrogative pronouns.
(In questions QUO is used for WHAT, and QUA and QUI for WHO.)
(3) As can be seen from the above examples, when THAT is one person or object
then QUA is used, but when it is more than one then QUI must be used.
As with the interrogarive pronouns, if the THAT is having the action done to
it by someone or something in the second part of the sentence then an -n ending
is added:
Singular
la yunino QUAN me amoras - the girl THAT (or WHOM) I love
la hundo QUAN me atakis - the dog THAT (or WHICH) I attacked
Plural
la yunini QUIN me amoras - the girls THAT (or WHOM) I love
la hundi QUIN me atakis - the dogs THAT (or WHICH) I attacked
(In these sentences above 'I' is doing the action to 'that'.)
Note:
(4) In English it is very often possible to omit WHOM/THAT/WHICH:
The girl (that) I love. 'Quan' and 'quin' must never be omitted in Ido.
(5) There is also a conjunction 'ke' which means 'that'. This is used when the
action in the first verb does not directly affect anyone or anything in the
second part of the sentence:
He says that he is ill - Il dicas 'ke' il es malada.
<a name="ex3"></a>Exerco 3
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex3-s">here</a> to go
to the answers):
1. What happened?.
2. Who (plural) spoke?
3. Who is there?
4. Whom (plural) do you see?
5. What did he say?
6. The man who spoke.
7. The men who spoke.
8. The man whom you saw.
9. The accidents that took place.
10. I did not hear what he said.
Qua is also used
as an adjective: Qua viro parolis? Which man spoke?
We will learn more about this in Lesson 12.
Vortaro
| avertar | to warn |
| avulo | grandfather |
| danjero | danger |
| kurar | to run |
| kustar | to cost |
| lago | lake |
| linguo | language |
| mashino | machine |
| navo | ship |
| oldo | old person |
| plura | several |
| posho | |
| pri | concerning/about |
| quante? | how much? |
| stacar | to be standing |
| staceskar | to stand up |
| stranja | strange |
| tante | so |
<a name="ex4"></a>Exerco 4
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex4-s">here</a> to go
to the answers):
1. La yunini quin il amas.
2. La mashino quan me vidis.
3. La yunini qui amas il.
4. La lagi quin el prizas.
5. La mediko qua habitas hike.
6. La linguo quan il parolas.
7. La olda viro qua dormas hike.
8. La policisto qua kuras.
9. La furtisto qua staceskas.
10. La automobilo quan la soldato kompris.
<a name="ex5"></a>Exerco 5
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex5-s">here</a> to go
to the answers):
1. La stranja homi qui staceskis esis policisti.
2. La oldo qua stacis sur la tablo falis.
3. La mashino quan il kompris kustis multa pekunio.
4. Me ne deziras parolar linguo qua es tante leda.
5. Elua onklulo qua naskis en Derby havis plura hundi.
6. Balde me vizitos mea avulo qua habitas en York.
7. Me ne kuros a mea patro qua falis aden la aquo.
8. La navo quan ni deziris vidar iras alonge la rivero.
9. Quante kustis la libri quin tu havas en tua posho?
10. Il avertis la yuni qui natis en la lago pri la danjero.
Countries
So as to have a more international form, the names of countries and continents
are an exception to the rule that all singular nouns end with -o.
The Ido forms are modified from one of the following groups.
(1) A number of countries have an internationally known latinised form which
ends in -a or -ia:
Italia, Amerika, Yugoslavia, Austria, Andora, Angola, Chinia, Japonia.
(2) Many countries, including nearly all recent and emerging states are known
throughout the world by their national names and the stress falls on the last
syllable, as if those names would end with -ia:
Peru [pe-RU], Portugal [porr-tu-GAL], Pakistan [pa-kis-TAN], Viet Nam [vyet-NAM],
but Chili [CHI-li]
(3) Those countries ending in -land take normal -o ending, Finlando.
Vortaro
| aero | air |
| aranjar | to arrange |
| bone | okay |
| bonega | excellent |
| explorar | to explore |
| gareyo | garage |
| Idisto | Idist |
| maro | sea |
| monto | mountain |
| montrar | to show |
| natar | to swim |
| omno | everything |
| opinionar | to think |
| pluvo | rain |
| propozar | to propose |
| restar | to stay |
| to | that (pronoun) |
| vakanco | holiday |
| vento | wind |
| vera | true |
| varmeta | mild/ luke warm |
| vidajo | view |
| voyajo | journey |
| quale (used before a sentence) | like/how |
| quala (before a noun) | as/like |
| Anglia | England |
| Dania | Denmark |
| Hispania | Spain |
| Portugal | Portugal |
| Suedia | Sweden |
| Suisa | Swiss |
| Suisia | Switzerland |
| Suisiano | Swiss |
To Think
pensar - to think = to use the brain:
Me pensas pri Jane. - I am thinking about Jane.
opinionar - to think = to be of a certain opinion:
Me opinionas ke el es bela. - I think that she is beautiful.
kredar - to believe can also be used:
Me kredas ke la buxo es vakua. - I think/believe that the box is empty.
Konversado
(P=Peter, M=Mary)
P: Adube ni iros dum la vakanco?
M: Ni certe ne restos en Anglia. Me ne prizas la pluvo e la vento. Me multe
preferas la suno. Ni iros a varma lando quala Hispania o Portugal.
P: Ta landi es por me tro varma. Me preferas varmeta lando quala (ne quale)
Suedia o Dania. [quale on preferas ...] La vetero povas esar bonega ibe.
M: Quon tu opinonas pri voyajo en la monti? La fresha aero, la foresti, la bela
vidaji................
P: No, me preferas la maro. Me deziras natar (swim).
M: Ma, tu povas natar en la lagi (lakes).
P: To es vera. Yes, bone, ni exploros (explore) la monti (mountains).
M: A qua lando ni iros?
P: Me propozas Suisia. Es multa Idisti en Suisia. Multi de li es bona amiki.
Me aranjos omno. La Suisiana Idisti montros a ni sua bela lando.
<a name="q1"></a>Questioni 1 (Questions 1)
(Click <a href="#q1-s">here</a> to go to the answers):
01) A qua Peter parolas?
02) Ka Mary prizas pluvo?
03) Quon el preferas?
04) Ka Hispania es kolda lando?
05) Ube es la fresha aero?
06) Ka Peter prizas natar?
07) Quon Peter e Mary exploros?
08) Adube li iros?
09) Qua aranjos la vakanco?
10) Qui montros Suisia a Peter e Mary?
Generala Questioni
01) Adube vu iros dum la vakanco? -> Me iros a Grekia.
02) Ka vu prizas la suno? -> Yes, nam me esas nordala Europano.
03) Ka la fresha aero es bona por vu? -> Yes, tre bona por me.
04) Ka vu parolas multa lingui? -> Yes, me bezonas parolar multa lingui.
05) Ka vu havas botelo de lakto en vua posho? -> No, sur la tablo.
06) Ka sep e non es dek? -> 7+9=10? No, to es dek-e-sis.
07) Ka vua automobilo es en la staciono od en la gareyo? -> En mea gareyo.
08) Ube vu sidas? -> En la berjero (arm-chair).
09) Ka vu intencas manjar balde? -> Yes, nam mea laboro nun fineskas.
10) Ka vu skribas a plura Idisti? -> Yes, specale ad Idisti en USA.
Answers
of the Exercises/Questions
<a name="ex1-s"></a>Exerco 1 (Click <a href="#ex1">here</a> to
return to the exercise)
1. On Sunday we do not work.
2. She likes Thursdays a lot.
3. On Monday I went to London.
4. He will not come on Monday.
5. I stayed in bed on Thursday.
6. On Wednesday I will go to Paris.
7. Will you buy the food on Saturday?
8. I was born on Friday, the eighth of May.
9. They disappeared on Thursday in the cinema.
10. On Monday a thief took the police chief's watch.
<a name="ex2-s"></a>Exerco 2 (Click <a href="#ex2">here</a> to
return to the exercise)
1. What time is it?
2. It's three o'clock.
3. You ate at five o'clock.
4. No, he comes at nine o'colck.
5. I began to work at seven o'clock.
6. At ten o'clock I fell from my bed.
7. At two o'clock they found the cafe.
8. Does the postman come at eight o'clock?
9. It was six o'clock when their daughter came in.
10. At four o'clock, on Monday the thirtieth of August she was born.
<a name="ex3-s"></a>Exerco 3 (Click <a href="#ex3">here</a> to
return to the exercise)
1. Quo eventis?
2. Qui parolis?
3. Qua esas ibe?
4. Quin vu vidas?
5. Quon il dicis?
6. La viro qua parolis.
7. La viri qui parolis.
8. La viro quan vu vidis.
9. La acidenti qui eventis.
10. Me ne audis (to) quon il dicis.
<a name="ex4-s"></a>Exerco 4 (Click <a href="#ex4">here</a> to
return to the exercise)
1. The girls he loves.
2. The machine that I saw.
3. The girls that love him.
4. The lakes that she likes.
5. The doctor that lives here.
6. The language that he speaks.
7. The old man who sleeps here.
8. The policeman that is running.
9. The thief that is standing up.
10. The car that the soldier bought.
<a name="ex5-s"></a>Exerco 5 (Click <a href="#ex5">here</a> to
return to the exercise)
1. The strange men who stood up were policemen.
2. The old man/woman who stood on the table fell.
3. The machine that he bought cost a lot of money.
4. I don't want to speak a language that is so ugly.
5. Her uncle who was born in Derby had several dogs.
6. Soon I shall visit my grandfather who lives in York.
7. I will not run to my father who has fallen in the water.
8. The ship that we wanted to see is going along the river.
9. How much did the books cost that you have in your pocket?
10. He warned the children who were swimming in the lake about the danger.
<a name="q1-s"></a>Questions 1 (Click <a href="#q1">here</a> to
return to the questions)
01) Ilu parolas a Mary.
02) No, elu ne prizas olu.
03) Elu preferas la suno.
04) No, olu es varma lando.
05) Olu es en la monti.
06) Yes, multe.
07) Li exploros la monti.
08) Li iros a Suisa.
09) Peter aranjos omno.
10) La Idisti di Suisia.